Strategies to increase appetite and healthy eating for seniors

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We have all heard that good nutrition leads to good health. As we age, good nutrition is essential if we want to reduce the risk of chronic health issues and have the energy to remain active. 

Many seniors report a loss of appetite and associated weight loss as they age. What causes this? And how can we help promote appetite and healthy eating as we age?

Sudden loss of appetite is a red flag that there might be a new health concern that needs investigation by a medical professional. Thyroid disorders, cancer, mouth and throat infections, gum disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease are some of the serious illnesses that can cause changes to taste and appetite. In addition, many medications cause dry mouth or leave a metallic taste in the mouth, causing loss of appetite. 

Being dehydrated can also lead to loss of appetite. Dehydration is common in seniors because they are less aware of the sensation of thirst and may also be taking medications - such as diuretics - that can be dehydrating. 

In addition to illnesses and medications that contribute to loss of appetite, there are many behavioral and environmental reasons that people do not eat well as they age. Lack of regular exercise and activity will dampen a healthy appetite. Also, a lack of routine, especially around meal times, makes it harder for the body to send hunger signals.  

Planning and preparing meals can be difficult or even overwhelming for frail seniors: It is easier to eat unhealthy processed foods than to make a meal using “whole foods.” 

Additionally, seniors may have a harder time chewing or even swallowing crunchy or chewy foods; raw vegetables and meat can be particularly difficult to eat if you have dental problems. 

Loneliness and depression also can contribute greatly to loss of appetite. Eating alone is rarely as enjoyable as eating with family or friends, but the reality for many of us is that there are fewer friends and family members to dine with as we age. 

What are some of the best ways to help boost appetite and encourage eating healthy foods? Ruling out or identifying health concerns with your doctor is the first step. Discussing side effects of your medications and possible alternatives with your doctor is also recommended. 

If loss of appetite stems from environmental or behavioral causes, there are several things to try. Make a plan for meals, rather than grabbing something because it is quick and easy. If you are able to prepare your own meals, try to cook enough so you can freeze leftovers for future meals. If you are unable to prepare your own meals but are still able to get around safely, attend a senior café on weekdays. Jewish Family Service manages two Kosher senior cafes in Rhode Island, one at Temple Sinai, in Cranston, and the other temporarily located at Temple Emanu-El, in Providence. Enjoy the delicious meals prepared by Accounting for Taste, our local Kosher caterer, chat with friends from the community, and participate in one of the daily activities offered at the sites – this is sure to stimulate both appetites and minds. 

Seniors who can’t leave home due to medical issues or problems walking can get Kosher Meals on Wheels delivered to their door by friendly volunteers. These meals are delicious and well-balanced nutritionally. 

To sum up: 

Don’t ignore loss of appetite and weight loss as it could be a symptom of a serious health problem. 

Try to promote appetite by staying hydrated, getting regular exercise, and planning to eat with others when possible. 

Bon appetit!

For more information about the Kosher Nutrition program offered by JFS, contact program coordinator Neal Drobnis at 401-338-3189.

PATRICIA HARWOOD, LICSW, is director of Older Adult Resources and Community Services at Jewish Family Service of R.I.